星期六, 十一月 24, 2007

S3C2410启动信息注释(start_kernel部分)『转』

uclinux的启动主要分为两个阶段:
第一部分bootloader启动阶段
第二部分linux 内核初始化和启动阶段
     第一节:start_kernel
     第二节:用户模式( user_mode )开始,start_kernel结束
     第三节:加载linux内核完毕,转入cpu_idle进程


Uncompressing Linux...........

从此句开始进入linux代码

Linux version 2.4.18-rmk7-pxa1 (root@BC) (gcc version 2.95.2 20000516(release)5

linux版本信息和编译信息

源代码:
/init/version.c
/include/linux/version.h
/include/linux
/Compile.h


const char *linux_banner =
"Linux version " UTS_RELEASE " (" LINUX_COMPILE_BY "@"
LINUX_COMPILE_HOST ") (" LINUX_COMPILER ") " UTS_VERSION "\n";

#define UTS_RELEASE "2.4.18-rmk7-pxa1"

#define UTS_VERSION "#16 一 9月 5 15:18:05 CST 2005"
#define LINUX_COMPILE_TIME "15:18:05"
#define LINUX_COMPILE_BY "root"
#define LINUX_COMPILE_HOST "BC"
#define LINUX_COMPILE_DOMAIN ""
#define LINUX_COMPILER "gcc version 2.95.2 20000516 (release) [Rebel.com]"

CPU: ARM/CIRRUS Arm920Tsid(wb) revision 0

ARM920T

Cirrus Logic 公司是一家享有世界盛名为众多消费和工业市场开发高精度模拟和混合信号集成电路的半导体公司。公司为消费和工业市场提供各种嵌入式处理器IC,例如适用于消费和专业用音频设备的音频最佳化数字信号处理器和基于ARM的嵌入式处理器。音频和工业市场最受尊重的品牌如 Bose、Harman International、IO、Onkyo、Marantz、Panasonic、Philips、Pioneer、Samsung及Sony都采用了Cirrus Logic公司的技术。

Machine: Samsung-SMDK2410

SMDK2410是Samsung的S3C2410的Reference board,即公板

公板是芯片厂家提供的样板卡。现在市面上的产品绝大多数都是公板的,因为使用公板可以减少研发成本,特别是现在产品的推陈出新速度很快,造成绝大多数生产厂商为了追新,只能使用公板。

On node 0 totalpages: 16384
zone(0): 16384 pages
zone(1): 0 pages
zone(2): 0 pages

预留内存大小,在节点0上总共16页, zone(0)设置最小内存为12MB, zone(1)和zone(2)为0页。

Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/bon/3 init=/linuxrc console=ttyS0

Kernel启动命令设为:
/dev/bon/3(在后面的说明中会看到/dev/bon/3是指的flash上的romfs分区。),用来指定根文件系统所在的位置,kernel会将块设备/dev/bon/3当作文件系统来处理。也就是说,内核会根据上面的kernel命令行,知道只读文件系统romfs将是根文件系统rootfs。

start_kernel(void) 中输出的上面的这句信息。这行命令是在linux内核启动过程中都会输出的一句。

Console: colour dummy device 80x30

代码中console_init()的输出信息, 显示控制台属性:一般使用VGA text console,标准是80 X 25行列的文本控制台,这里是对属性进行了设置。

Calibrating delay loop... 99.94 BogoMIPS

BogoMIPS

Calibrate:校准, 进入时延校准循环。这里是对CPU进行一个实时测试,来得到一个大体的MIPS数值。

上面这个输出,在所有的linux系统启动中都会打印出来。

Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 62360KB available (1603K code, 437K data, 68K init)

进入内存初始化:mem_init(void), [arch/i386/mm/init.c]

当前内存使用情况,将列出总的内存大小, 及分配给内核的内存大小:包括代码部分,数据部分,初始化部分,总共刚好4M。请留意此处的内核的内存大小的各个值。

Dentry-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
Buffer-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Page-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)

进入虚拟文件系统VFS初始化:vfs_caches_init()

在内存中建立各个缓冲hash表,为kernel对文件系统的访问做准备,VFS目录树用了类似这样的结构表。

上面的输出信息,在一般的linux启动过程中都会看到。

名词:

    一个单独的dentry通常包含一个指向i节点(inode)的指针。i节点存在于磁盘驱动器上,它可以是一个规则文件,目录,FIFO文件,等等。 Dentry存在于RAM中,并且永远不会被存到磁盘上:它们仅仅为了提高系统性能而存在。i节点存在于磁盘上,当需要时被拷入内存中,之后对它的任何改 变将被写回磁盘。存在于RAM中的i节点就是VFS的i节点,dentry所包含的指针指向的就是它。
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX

conformance:顺应, 一致。即POSIX适应性检测。UNIFIX是一家德国的技术公司,Linux 原本要基于 POSIX.1
的, 但是 POSIX 不是免费的, 而且 POSIX.1 证书相当昂贵. 这使得 Linux 基于 POSIX 开发相当困难.
Unifix公司(Braunschweig, 德国) 开发了一个获得了 FIPS 151-2 证书的 Linux 系统. 这种技术用于
Unifix 的发行版 Unifix Linux 2.0 和 Lasermoon 的 Linux-FT。

在2.6的内核中就将上面的这句输出给拿掉了。

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